Thoma Frederik Kalefi

Microsurgical obliteration of a high-flow intraorbital arteriovenous malformation fed by the ophthalmic artery: Illustrative case

Background: Intraorbital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are exceedingly rare high-flow vascular lesions that pose a direct threat to visual function through progressive proptosis, optic nerve compression, and retinal ischemia. When the ophthalmic artery (OA) constitutes one o...