Takeo Toshima

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma during combination immunotherapy

Background: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (ATZ/BEV) is a standard first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, many patients do not achieve meaningful tumor regression. The temporal and spatial immune remodeling associated with ATZ/BEV remains poorly u...