Takanori Ishida

Association between hemoglobin A1c levels and coronary flow reserve in angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries: a retrospective observational study

Abstract Background Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures chronic glycemic levels, and its elevation is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory impairment, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. In the assessment of angina with nonobstructive coron...