T. Iwanaga

Navigating the sedation challenge in frail older patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a narrative review

Abstract The global increase in life expectancy has resulted in a higher volume of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures among frail older patients. Frailty, a multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserve, presents signific...