Susana O B Ramalho

Age-related variation in heart rate variability across receptor-defined breast cancer groups, with distinct patterns in triple-negative disease: a cross-sectional study

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, and growing evidence suggests that autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity modulates tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive index of ANS balance, is influen...