Sophia Ulman

Standard Versus Arm-Length-Normalized Conditions for Assessment of the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test in Healthy Youth Athletes

Background Criterion-based assessment of shoulder function includes screenings, such as the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), to help identify deficits in stability, neuromuscular control, and proprioception. However, normative performance for the CKC...

Shoulder Internal and External Rotator Strength Reliability and Validity in Healthy Adolescent Athletes

Background Handheld dynamometry (HHD) has been recommended in return-to-play (RTP) assessments following shoulder injuries; however, variations in testing methods limits interpretation of results. In contrast, isokinetic dynamometry is considered gold-standard for assessment of s...