Shanniah Ndaona

Regulatory, excise tax, and institutional governance of electronic nicotine delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries: A comparative policy analysis

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use remains a major global cause of preventable mortality, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have entered these markets rapidly, but governance frameworks remain fragmented,...