Saad T. Siddiqui

Examining social and biological determinants of health driving opioid and stimulant involved deaths among black people in St. Louis, MO

The fourth wave of the opioid crisis—characterized by co-use of opioids (namely illicit fentanyl) and stimulants– has exacerbated the risk of fatal overdose. The effects of co-involved opioid and stimulant use have been particularly stark among Black people in the U.S., who demon...