S X Li

Organic manganese as a functional micronutrient: Promoting metabolic health and sustainable growth in Litopenaeus vannamei.

< 0.05). In summary, although growth remained unaffected, organic Mn sources, particularly Mn-Gly and Mn-MHA, demonstrated superior bioavailability by enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, and hepatopancreas health as well as by regulating lipid metabolism.