Ryan M. Carmichael

Colonisation and temperature-driven variation in life-history traits of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens at its Northern European limit

Abstract Background Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are increasing worldwide driven by factors such as travel, land-use change, global trade, and climate warming. In Europe, Culex pipiens sensu lato (s.l.)—the primary vector of West Nile and Usutu viruses—is widespread and an incr...