Ruoxu Bi

Therapeutic alliance across delivery modalities: a systematic narrative review of alliance strength and outcome prediction in face-to-face, online, and blended psychotherapy

The frequency of online psychotherapy, including pure online (PO: videoconference [PO-VC], telephone [PO-TEL], asynchronous therapist-guided [PO-Async]), or blended (BLD) modalities, has grown exponentially, yet how the therapeutic alliance (TA), a key outcome predictor, compares...