Robert A. Griffin

Unforgetting Educational Debt: Systemic Drivers of English Literacy Inequities for Multilingual Learners

Multilingual learners (MLs) remain persistently underserved in U.S. schools, yet systemic conditions shaping their English literacy outcomes are underexamined. Grounded in ecological systems theory and educational debt, this study used multilevel modeling of 2023 to 2024 data fro...