Ravindra Kumar Jain

Evaluation of surface roughness, microhardness, staining, and antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide–coated orthodontic thermoformed retainers – an in vitro study

Vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) are the most commonly used removable orthodontic retention appliances owing to their esthetics, comfort, and ease of fabrication. However, they are prone to discoloration, microbial colonization, and reduced mechanical durability when used intraoral...