Rafid Abdulkarrem

Serum interleukin-38 is paradoxically elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and associated with disease activity and treatment intensity: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Interleukin-38 (IL-38), an anti-inflammatory IL-1 superfamily member, is paradoxically elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Whether this reflects pathogenic involvement or compensatory counter-regulation remains unresolved. Co-measuring Protein Tyrosine Phos...