Philip Lilien

The Nature and Origin of Curvature: Relational Closure, Coherence Concentration, and Transport Nonclosure - From Pre-Geometric Differentiation to Einstein–Cartan Geometry

General relativity tells us how curved spacetime behaves. It does not by itself tell us why reality possesses a geometry that can curve in the first place. This paper asks that deeper question while preserving the mathematical definitions that make curvature precise. The central...