Paulo Kharmandayan

Extracellular matrix assembly during chondrogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells under TGF-β3 induction

Abstract Osteoarthritis is a major degenerative joint disease often triggered by traumatic injuries, yet current treatment options remain limited in restoring cartilage integrity. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising source for chondrogenic regeneration, but the...