Paolo Bulzacca

A Physical Therapy Clinical Framework for Temporomandibular Disorders: Integrating DC/TMD, ICOP and Multidimensional Patient Phenotyping

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are clinically heterogeneous, and patients sharing the same diagnosis may differ substantially in pain mechanisms, functional impairments, behavioral contributors, comorbidities, psychosocial burden, prognosis, and treatment response. Although t...