Nithin D. Adappa

Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach to Pontine Cavernous Malformations in the Pediatric Population

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) carry high hemorrhage risk and morbidity due to their eloquent location. Although modern microsurgical approaches emphasize safe entry zones, endoscopic endonasal transclival approaches (EETA) have emerged as a le...