Ning Ma

Geometric Dynamics Unified Theory (GDUT)

This paper proposes the Geometric Dynamics Unifed Theory (GDUT), a monistic on-tological physical framework based on two axioms. Axiom I: Physical space is a three-dimensional continuous Riemannian manifold. Axiom II: The evolution of space is governed by the pressure fow equatio...

Geometric Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy and Its Observational Verification

This paper proposes a geometric framework based on three-dimensional spatial curvature evolution (GDUT) and independently derives the cosmic expansion rate. Calculations show that, after considering the volume correction of the visible universe and the equivalent mass conversion...