Ning Lu

Cryostress in Frozen Soil. I: Concept, Definition, and Validation

Abstract The concept of cryostress in soil is conceptualized, defined, and validated. Force and water potential equilibrium principles at the scale of a soil–water representative elementary volume (REV) are employed to distinguish three types of forces: (1) skeleton forces transm...

Cryostress in Frozen Soil. II: Closed-Form Equation for Effective Stress in Saturated Frozen Soil

Abstract Recently, cryostress has been conceptualized as part of effective stress to describe the shear strength of soil under frozen conditions. Cryostress is defined as the interparticle stress due to the formation of ice grain and is a characteristic function of temperature. T...