Nicole R. L. Sparks

Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter disrupts human embryonic stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Developmental bone toxicity encompasses impairments in skeletal growth and remodeling during embryonic and fetal development that can result in long-term skeletal abnormalities. Airborne fine particulate matter (FPM; ≤ 2.5 μm) is a size-defined fraction of particulate air polluti...