Ngọc Dũng Vũ

Population Ageing, Public Health Expenditure and the Primary Fiscal Balance: Evidence from a Heterogeneous Global Panel, 1990–2024

Evidence on the fiscal consequences of population ageing rests largely on projections and regional panels. We examine how ageing relates to growth and the primary fiscal balance across sixty-nine economies from 1990 to 2024. Because cross-sectional dependence is pervasive and slo...