Nasim Reza

Cardiovascular Fitness Across Smoking and Activity-Based Lifestyle Groups of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Harvard Step Test

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, yet smoking and sedentary behaviour are both common among university students and their combined effect on fitness is rarely compared directly within the same cohort. Methods: In...

Cardiovascular Fitness Across Smoking and Activity-Based Lifestyle Groups of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Harvard Step Test

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, yet smoking and sedentary behaviour are both common among university students and their combined effect on fitness is rarely compared directly within the same cohort. Methods: In...