Mustafa Ozkaraca

Protective effects of flunarizine and ATP against pembrolizumab-associated gastric injury in rats

Abstract Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting pro-grammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), is widely used in cancer therapy. However, its potential gastrotoxic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Flunarizine has antioxidant, calciu...