Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Happiness, religiosity and economic hardship: cross-national evidence on household financial position

Purpose This study examines how happiness, religiosity and recent economic hardship are jointly associated with household financial position across countries. It addresses limited cross-national evidence on how subjective well-being and religiosity relate to household financial p...

Signals from the noise: Decoding global AI discourse in central bank communications

This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) has entered and evolved within the official communication of central banks. Using an archive of central bankers’ speeches covering 1996–2024, we develop a multi-stage NLP framework that combines an AI–finance lexicon validated...