Mohsen Lotfi

Immunogenicity assay of an experimental inactivated vaccine against bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in calves

Abstract Background Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a key pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). This study aimed to develop an effective inactivated vaccine using an indigenous Iranian BPIV3 strain, evaluating different inactivation methods and ad...