Mohammed Ali Alghamdi

Does ESG Disclosure Reduce Firm Risk in Saudi Arabia? Dynamic System GMM Evidence from Tadawul-Listed Companies

This study examines whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure reduces firm risk among 73 non-financial Tadawul-listed companies in Saudi Arabia over 2015–2024, with particular attention to the moderating role of board independence. Firm risk is measured as th...

Ocular complications following facial dermal filler injections: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis of visual and neurologic outcomes

Background Facial dermal fillers are widely used for aesthetic procedures but can rarely cause severe ocular and cerebral vascular complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the spectrum of ocular complications and quantified permanent vision loss and brain...