Mohammad Saleh Bawazir

Comparative efficacy and safety of intra-articular versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is frequently associated with considerable perioperative and postoperative blood loss, making tranexamic acid (TXA) a key component of modern blood-sparing protocols. Although both intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) routes are widely used, the...