Mohamed Alhefny

The immunotherapy arsenal against upper gastrointestinal tumours: A comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitors across neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) / programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis have fundamentally transformed the management of upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Across oesophageal cancer, gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adeno...