Mingsi Zhang

Candidate Spatial Niches Associated with Gastric Cancer Metastasis and Treatment Resistance: Functional Classification, Evidence Boundaries, and a Translational Framework

Gastric cancer metastasis and poor treatment responses are spatially heterogeneous; however, single-marker positivity, cellular enrichment, or simple colocalization alone is insufficient to establish a functionally meaningful spatial niche. Within this framework, “treatment resis...