Mikako Enokizono

MRI and proton MR spectroscopy in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a comprehensive imaging review

Abstract Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental disability. Although cranial ultrasound is widely used as a bedside screening tool, brain MRI has become central to diagnosis, injury pattern cla...