Michele Spinelli

Ti3C2T x MXene-Enhanced Paper-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes for Sweat Sodium Monitoring

Abstract Electrolyte balance plays a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, as ionic fluctuations regulate cellular excitability, osmotic gradients, and neuromuscular signaling. Among electrolytes, sodium (Na+) is a critical biomarker for hydration status and...

Electrochemical detection of gallic acid in commercial beverages empowered by the use of paper-based tool to collect and analyze

A simple and innovative paper-assisted electrochemical approach was developed for the determination and temporal monitoring of gallic acid in commercial beverages. The proposed platform combines low-cost screen-printed electrodes with wax-patterned paper discs, enabling the paper...