Michael Jiang

Physicochemical effects of bicarbonate-buffered solution versus compound sodium lactate during major abdominal surgery: A randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial

Introduction Bicarbonate-buffered crystalloids avoid exogenous lactate and have physicochemical properties distinct from compound sodium lactate (CSL), but direct comparative evidence during major abdominal surgery remains limited. Methods This single-center, open-label, randomiz...