Miao Zhang

Viewing Xunzi’s theory of evil human nature from the perspective of ‘sociality’(群)

The Chapter ‘Human Nature is Evil’ (Xing E 性惡)Footnote1 is a crucial text in the Xunzi that centrally addresses the theory of human nature. Unlike Mencius’s concept of ‘nature’ (xing 性), Xunzi’s discussion of ‘nature’ primarily encompasses three levels: animal instincts, cogni...