Mehran Khodashenas

Comparison of adding magnesium sulfate versus dexmedetomidine to intrathecal bupivacaine in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Total knee arthroplasty is frequently associated with substantial postoperative pain, and spinal anesthesia with intrathecal bupivacaine is commonly used to provide effective perioperative analgesia. Adjuvants such as magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine may enhance block qualit...