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Measuring an i+1 language tutor from the outside: one robust effect, one language-dependent null, and one failed conformance bar

Krashen's comprehensible-input hypothesis holds that acquisition happens when input sits just beyond the learner's current competence - the so-called i+1 condition. Large language models make it possible, for the first time, to generate such input on demand rather than select it...

Measuring an i+1 language tutor from the outside: one robust effect, one language-dependent null, and one failed conformance bar

Krashen's comprehensible-input hypothesis holds that acquisition happens when input sits just beyond the learner's current competence - the so-called i+1 condition. Large language models make it possible, for the first time, to generate such input on demand rather than select it...