Marta Gajewska

Defect-Engineered Tetragonal ZrO2 Nanoparticles for Biomaterial Interfaces: Green Synthesis, Biointerfacial Interactions, and SERS Biosensing

Abstract Zirconia (ZrO2) is a widely used biomaterial in dental and orthopedic applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. However, the role of defect structure and phase composition in governing biomolecule–surface interacti...