Markus Bauernfeind

ECL₃: Epistemic Causal Logic — Paper I: Core Logic, Semantics, and Completeness

We introduce ECL3 (Epistemic Causal Logic), a three-valued formal logic extending Łukasiewicz L3 with an observability predicate Obs and a causal operator Cause. The system distinguishes truth (what is the case), observability (whether it can be known), and causal accessibility (...