Margaret E. Gruen

Behavioral Changes in a Senior Dog: The Role of Pain, Anxiety, and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome

Abstract CCDS in senior dogs is often complicated by comorbid musculoskeletal pain, creating a challenging behavioral phenotype. This case involves an 8-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog suffering from unexplained fear episodes, tail-chasing, and exercise intolerance. Primar...