Marcin Mikulewicz

Beyond the Monomer: Camphorquinone, TPO, and BAPO as Leachates of Light-Cured and 3D-Printed Dental Polymers—Radical Chemistry, Redox Signalling, and the Dose-Realism Gap

Research on the biological cost of resin-based dental materials has focused almost exclusively on residual methacrylate monomers. The photoinitiators—camphorquinone (CQ) with its amine co-initiator, and the acylphosphine oxides TPO and BAPO—remain partly unconsumed, can elute, an...

Clear Aligners as a Prescribed Source of Unmeasured Intra-Oral Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure: Release Mechanisms, Human Evidence, Salivary Biomonitoring and the EU Regulatory Context

Clear orthodontic aligners are removable polymer devices worn about 22 h a day for 12 to 24 months, increasingly by children. A growing in vitro literature shows that thermoformed and 3D-printed aligners shed micro- and nanoplastics and co-release elemental or organic constituent...