Lukas Schönnagel

A global sagittal deviation index (GSDI-5) incorporating upper cervical alignment: initial construct validation in forward head posture

Abstract Purpose Forward head posture (FHP) is commonly assessed using isolated cervical measures, potentially overlooking its relationship with global sagittal alignment. This study introduces the Global Sagittal Deviation Index (GSDI-5), a composite measure integrating multireg...

Sagittal alignment patterns in forward head posture: an EOS-based head-to-pelvis correlation analysis

Abstract Study Design Retrospective radiographic study. Objectives Forward head posture (FHP) is commonly observed in individuals with prolonged screen exposure and may affect spinal alignment. Because the craniovertebral angle (CVA) alone does not fully capture how sagittal bala...