Lucas Maia Nogueira

Hormonal imbalances and neuroendocrine influences in temporomandibular disorders: A scoping review of the evidence

Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) display a marked female predominance and fluctuate across reproductive stages, suggesting hormonal and neuroendocrine contributions.Objectives To map the evidence on hormonal imbalances and neuroendocrine influences in TMD across six d...