Ling Shen

Multi-Analytical Characterization of the Earthen Plaster and Ground Layer from the Nirvana Platform in Cave No. 47 of the Kizil Grottoes, Xinjiang, China

The Nirvana platform in Cave No. 47 of the Kizil Grottoes preserves an important example of early Buddhist earthen plaster and ground layer manufacture along the Silk Roads. This study investigated the material composition and stratigraphic sequence of its earthen plaster and gro...

Multi-analytical investigation on materials and techniques of wall paintings in Kizil Giant Buddha Cave

This study investigates the wall paintings in Cave No. 47 of the Kizil Grottoes, the earliest surviving Giant Buddha cave. p-XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the painting materials, stratigraphy, and alteration products. Three plaster and...