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Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents Trigger Gadolinium Accumulation Within the Hippocampus In Vivo and Mitochondrial Alterations in Organotypic Hippocampal Tissue Cultures Ex Vivo

BACKGROUND: In multiple sclerosis (MS), mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to disease progression and may impair cognitive function, particularly in vulnerable regions such as the hippocampus. Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used for imaging-based diagnosis...