Liliana Pięta

Mature Human Milk Macronutrient Composition and Apparent Milk TSH Concentration in Women with Treated Hypothyroidism Attending Lactation Counseling: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: Hypothyroidism may influence lactation physiology, but evidence regarding its association with mature human milk composition remains limited. This cross-sectional study evaluated macronutrient composition and apparent thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) conce...

Exploring birth options after three or four cesarean sections in Poland: maternal and neonatal outcomes following vaginal vs repeat surgical deliveries

OBJECTIVES: Postpartum depression (PPD) profoundly affects maternal health and disrupts mother-infant bonding, with lasting effects on infant development. The causal roles of hormones that change most dramatically during the perinatal period, including estradiol, cortisol, and pr...