Liew Kai Bin

Targeted deoxycholic acid-loaded nanoliposomes enhance cell-associated uptake and modulate polarization-associated markers in THP-1-derived M2-like macrophages

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) frequently exhibit M2-like properties that support tumor progression. Deoxycholic acid (DCA), a secondary bile acid with amphiphilic membrane activity and context-dependent immunomodulatory effects, may influence macrophage phenotype....