Li Zhao

Reappraising energy conversion in internal combustion engines: the ideal cycle and corresponding efficiency definition from a chemical-energy perspective

Conventional ideal internal combustion engine cycles are grounded in the air-standard assumption, which obscures the compositional evolution of the working fluid and mischaracterizes the true nature of energy input as external heat addition rather than in-cylinder chemical conver...

Sandwiched thermal management system combining topology-optimized liquid channels and phase-change materials for cylindrical Li-ion batteries

To address lithium-ion battery thermal management challenges under extreme high-rate discharging (5C constant-current, initial ambient temperature of 298.15 K), this study proposes a sandwiched 3D composite system. It integrates a topology-optimized cold plate with phase change m...