Larisa Ivaşcu

Conditional Viability of Refurbished EV/PHEV Batteries: A Risk-Informed Decision Framework for Circular Pathway Selection

End-of-life electric-vehicle and plug-in hybrid (EV/PHEV) battery packs pose a recurrent decision: refurbish, redeploy in second-life storage, recycle, or reject. Technical condition, safety, economics, regulation, traceability, and environmental benefit interact, making pathway...