Lan Liu

Can Common Recycling Targets Deliver Convergence? Evidence From EU Municipal Waste Recycling, 2004–2023

ABSTRACT The EU Waste Framework Directive sets common municipal waste recycling targets for all Member States, yet large cross‐country gaps persist. This paper examines whether EU‐27 recycling rates converged over 2004–2023, whether convergence stalled after 2018, and which facto...