Kuan Gao

Isoform Ratio Rather than Total Content Determines Nonlinear Bioactivity of Red Kidney Bean Phytohemagglutinin in Mice

Abstract Red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is an isolectin system of erythroagglutinating (PHA-E) and leucoagglutinating (PHA-L) subunits, but the biological significance of the natural ratio remains unclear. Here, natural PHA fractions with stepwise PHA-E/PHA-L ratios (N1...